Endocrine Pharmacology USMLE Step 1 Practice Question

A 49-year-old obese man presents to his primary care physician for a routine follow-up after laboratory results revealed fasting glucose of 168 mg/dL and hemoglobin A1c of 8.0% on two separate occasions over the past three months, consistent with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. He reports increased thirst and fatigue over the past several months but denies polyuria, visual changes, or numbness in his extremities. His body mass index is 34 kg/m², blood pressure is 138/86 mmHg, and heart rate is 78 beats per minute. Serum creatinine is 0.9 mg/dL, and estimated glomerular filtration rate is 92 mL/min/1.73m², indicating normal renal function. His physician initiates first-line pharmacotherapy that primarily decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis and is associated with weight loss rather than weight gain. Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed?